La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que cada año, 1 de cada 20 jóvenes en todo el mundo se infecta de una ITS,[1] y que éstas causan 333 millones de casos[2] al año.
Los jóvenes entre 15 y 24 años, solamente presentan el 25% de la población con vida sexual activa, pero padecen del 50 al 66% de todas las ITS, [3],[4] es decir, que son el grupo más afectado.[5]
Las mujeres adolescentes se contagia más de ITS,[6],[7] debido a varios factores como: la inmadurez del aparato reproductor,[8] específicamente del cérvix.[9],[10] Así mismo los adolescentes poseen características, psicológicas, conductales[11] y sociales[12] que los hacen más propensos a sufrir ITS.
La infección por gonorrea,[13] sífilis,[14] y herpes [15],[16] facilitan la transmisión del VIH.
En todo el planeta, existen 46 millones de personas con VIH (2.5% son niños), 5 millones de infecciones anuales nuevas y han muerto más de 20 millones de personas por la enfermedad.[17]
Referencias:
[1] Gutierrez JP, Bertozzi SM, Conde-González CJ, Sanchez-Aleman MA. Risk behaviors of 15–21 year olds in Mexico lead to a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections: results of a survey in disadvantaged urban areas. BMC Public Health 2006, 6:49.
[2] Baeten JM, Nyange PM, Richardson BA, Lavreys L, Chohan B, Martin HL, et al. Hormonal contraception and risk of sexually transmitted disease acquisition: Results from a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185:380-85.
[3] Moscicki AB. Impact of HPV infection in adolescent populations. J Adolesc Health 2005; 37(6 Suppl):S3-9.
[4] Lipozenci´c J, Ljubojevi´c S. Some thoughts about the role of sexually transmitted disease in everyday life. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2005; 13(2):127-9.
[5] Catchpole M. Sexually transmitted infections: control strategies. BMJ 2001;322:1135–6.
[6] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention. Fact Sheet.-Young People at Risk: HIV/AIDS Among American´s Youth (on line). Atlanta, GA: US. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/youth.htm.
[7] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Survillance. 2002 (on line) Atlanta, GA: US. Department of Health and Human Services September, 2003. Available at: htto://www.cdc.gov/stats/tables/table12B.htm.
[8] Paul C, Van Roode T, Herbison P, Dickson N. Longitudinal study of self-reported sexually transmitted infection indicence by gender and age up to age thirty-two years. Sex Transm Dis 2009; 36:63-69.
[9] Stevens-Simon C, Nelligan D, Breese P, Jenny C, Douglas JM. The prevalence of genital human papillomavirus infections in abused and nonabused preadolescent girls. Pediatrics 2000; 106(4):645-9.
[10] Kahn JA, Rosenthal SL, Succop PA, Ho GY, Burk RD. Mediators of the association between age of first sexual intercourse and subsequent human papillomavirus infection. Pediatrics 2002; 109(1):E5.
[11] Tarr ME, William ML. Sexually transmitted infections in adolescent women. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2008; 51(2):306-18.
[12] Feroli KL, Burstein GR. Adolescent sexually transmitted diseases: new recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. MCN Am J Mater Child Nurs 2003; 28:113-8.
[13] Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted disease to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect 1999; 75:3-17.
[14] Jin F, Prestage GP, Kippax SC, Pell CM, Donovan BJ, Kaldor JM, et al. Epidemic syphilis among homosexually active men in Sydney. MJA 2005; 183(4):179-183.
[15] Auvert B, Ballard R, Campbell C, Carael M, Carton M, Fehler G, et al. HIV infection among youth in South Africa mining town is associated with herpes simplex virus-2 seropositive and sexual behaviour. AIDS 2001; 15:885-98.
[16] Mbizvo EM, Msuya-Sia E, Spray-Pedersen B, Chirenje MZ, Munjoma M, Hussain A. association of herpes simplex virus type 2 with the human immunodeficiency virus among urban women in Zimbabwe. Int J STD AIDS 2002; 13:343-8.
[17] HIV treatment will boost prevention and strengthen health systems, says the World Health Report 2004. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82(6):477-8.
Fuente: Sexoseguro.mx
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